ggplot: A grammar of graphics

class: middle, center, inverse

# .bigger[.bigger[.teal[GRAMMAR]]] .smaller[.smaller[of]] .bigger[.bigger[.teal[GRAPHICS]]]

---
class:

.smaller[.small[.bottom-right[.gray[Artwork by @allison_horst]]]]

.pull-right img {width: 139%;
    max-width: 139%;
    margin-left: -38px;
    margin-top: -20px;}
    
.pull-left .remark-code-line {font-size: 1.49rem;}
.pull-up {margin-top: -28px;}

.remark-code-line {font-size: 1.92rem;}

.small-font {font-size: 1.3rem;}
.small-font .remark-code-line {font-size: 1.3rem;}
.med-font .remark-code-line {font-size: 1.7rem;}

.shift-up {z-index: 99; position: absolute; top: 168px; left: 52px; width: 602px;}
.shift-left {margin-left: -80px;}
.shift-right {margin-left: 180px;}
.shift-down {padding-top: 12px;}

.geom1 {padding-top: 1px;}
.geom2 {margin-top: -16px;}

.remark-slide table {width: 108%; font-size: 1.4rem;}
.small-table table {width: 39%;}

.missing {font-weight: 600;}

</style>

---
class: inverse, middle, center
exclude: true

# .bigger.big[[.blue[gg]]]
# .gray[Grammar of graphics]

---
class:  middle, center
exclude: true

# .bigger[.darkpurple[
**Grammar of graphics**
]]

---
exclude: true

<br>

.pinkquote[

> The .pink[**gg**]  in `ggplot` stands for Grammar of graphics

]

???

And this grammar is a powerful tool that gives you a set of building blocks you can piece together in any way you choose to build the specific chart of your dreams.

The first building block is the plot canvas, and it is the foundation for all the other plot pieces.

---

.shift-left[

# .teal[ggplot canvas]

```r
library(tidyverse)

ggplot()
```

]

---
class:

.shift-left[
# Lost penguins
]

<br>

---
class: inverse

.shift-left[

# Lost penguins
]

.small-font[.shift-up[.whitecode[

```r
lost_penguins <- read_csv("torn_penguins.csv")
```

]]]

.bottom-right[.off-white[Penguins illustrated by @allison_horst]]

---
class: inverse
exclude: true

.shift-left[
# Lost
# penguins
]

.small-font[.shift-left[.shift-up[.whitecode[

```r
lost_penguins <- read_csv("torn_penguins.csv")
```

]]]]

---
exclude: true

.shift-left[

# Lost penguins

<br>

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Gluten:wght@100&family=Kalam:wght@300&family=Source+Sans+3:wght@300;500;600;700&display=swap');

.hand {font-family: 'Kalam', cursive; font-weight: 300;}
.hand table {font-family: 'Kalam', cursive;}

.hand {font-family: 'Gluten', cursive; font-weight: 100;}
.hand table {font-family: 'Gluten', cursive;}
</style>

.hand[

|                  species                  |                  island                   | bill_length_mm | bill_depth_mm | flipper_length_mm | body_mass_g |  sex   | year |
|:-----------------------------------------:|:-----------------------------------------:|:--------------:|:-------------:|:-----------------:|:-----------:|:------:|:----:|
| <span class="missing blue">missing</span> | <span class="missing blue">missing</span> |      42.6      |     13.7      |        213        |    4950     | female | 2008 |
| <span class="missing blue">missing</span> | <span class="missing blue">missing</span> |      50.4      |     15.7      |        222        |    5750     |  male  | 2009 |
| <span class="missing blue">missing</span> | <span class="missing blue">missing</span> |      46.7      |     15.3      |        219        |    5200     |  male  | 2007 |
]
]

---

.shift-left[

# .teal[ggplot canvas] .smaller[(with penguins)]

```r
library(tidyverse)

ggplot(lost_penguins)
```

<img src="03-1-Plots-graphics-grammar_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-6-1.png" height="330px" />
]

---
class: inverse, middle, center

# .bigger[.big[.blue[aes( )]]]
# aesthetics

---

.shift-left[

# .blue[aes( )]

Assign the .blue[**X**] and .blue[**Y**] axes inside the aesthetics.

```r
ggplot(lost_penguins, 
*           aes(x = bill_length_mm,
*                  y = flipper_length_mm))
```

]

---

.shift-left[

# .blue[aes( )]
]

.pull-left[
.shift-left[

```r
ggplot(lost_penguins, 
*              aes(x = bill_length_mm,
*                       y = flipper_length_mm))
```

]]

.pull-right[
<img src="03-1-Plots-graphics-grammar_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-9-1.png" height="500px" />
]

---
class: inverse, middle, center

# .bigger[.big[.blue[geoms]]]

---
exclude: true

.shift-left[

# Geoms

<br>

> Geoms add visualization of your data to the your canvas. They are the really juicy fillings in your ggplot sandwhich. You can add one or multiple geoms.

]

---

.shift-left[

# .blue[geom_point( )]

```r
ggplot(lost_penguins, 
            aes(x = bill_length_mm, 
                   y = flipper_length_mm)) +
*  geom_point()
```

]

---

.shift-left[

# .blue[geom_point( )]
]

.pull-left[
.shift-left[

```r
ggplot(lost_penguins, 
               aes(x = bill_length_mm, 
                        y = flipper_length_mm)) +
*  geom_point()
```

]]

.pull-right[
<img src="03-1-Plots-graphics-grammar_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png" height="500px" />

]

---

.shift-left[

# .blue[geom_point(] size = HUGE .blue[)]

]

.pull-left[
.shift-left[

```r
ggplot(lost_penguins, 
               aes(x = bill_length_mm,
                        y = flipper_length_mm)) +
*  geom_point(size = 10)
```

]]

.pull-right[
<img src="03-1-Plots-graphics-grammar_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-14-1.png" height="500px" />

]

---

.shift-left[

# All together now

![](03-1-Plots-graphics-grammar_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-15-1.png)
]

---

.shift-left[

# All together now

```r
good_penguins <- read_csv("untorn_penguins.csv")

all_penguins <- bind_rows(good_penguins, 
                                            lost_penguins)
```

]

---

.shift-left[

# All together now

```r
*ggplot(all_penguins,
           aes(x = bill_length_mm,
                  y = flipper_length_mm)) +
   geom_point(size = 10) 
```
]

---

.shift-left[

# All together now

]

.pull-left[
.shift-left[

```r
*ggplot(all_penguins,
                aes(x = bill_length_mm,
                         y = flipper_length_mm)) +
   geom_point(size = 10)
```

]]

.pull-right[
<img src="03-1-Plots-graphics-grammar_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-20-1.png" height="500px" />

]

---

.shift-left[

# All together now

]

.pull-left[
.shift-left[

```r
ggplot(all_penguins, 
                aes(x = bill_length_mm,
                         y = flipper_length_mm)) +
   geom_point(size = 10, 
*                           alpha = 0.25)
```

]]

.pull-right[
<img src="03-1-Plots-graphics-grammar_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-22-1.png" height="500px" />

]

---

.shift-left[

# Colors

```r
ggplot(all_penguins, 
            aes(x = bill_length_mm,
                   y = flipper_length_mm)) +
*  geom_point(aes(color = species),
                       size = 10, 
                       alpha = 0.25)
```

]

---

.shift-left[

# Colors

]

.pull-left[
.shift-left[

```r
ggplot(all_penguins, 
              aes(x = bill_length_mm,
                       y = flipper_length_mm)) +
*  geom_point(aes(color = species),
                            size = 10,
                            alpha = 0.25)
```

]]

.pull-right[
<img src="03-1-Plots-graphics-grammar_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-25-1.png" height="500px" />
]

---

.shift-left[

# Colors

```r
ggplot(all_penguins, 
*           aes(x = species,
                   y = flipper_length_mm)) +
   geom_point(aes(color = species),  
                       size = 10,
                       alpha = 0.25)
```
]

---

.shift-left[

# Colors

]

.pull-left[
.shift-left[

```r
ggplot(all_penguins, 
*              aes(x = species,
                        y = flipper_length_mm)) +
   geom_point(aes(color = species),  
                            size = 10, 
                            alpha = 0.25)
```

]]

.pull-right[.pull-up[
![](03-1-Plots-graphics-grammar_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-28-1.png)
]
]

---

.shift-left[

# .blue[geom_`*`]

.pull-left[

<img src="../images/geom_point.PNG" style="float:left; width: 90px; margin-right: 14px; padding-top: 6px;">
.geom1[.geom2[
geom_point( )
]]

.clear[
<img src="../images/geom_line.PNG" style="float:left; width: 91px; margin-right: 14px; padding-top: 6px;">
.geom1[.geom2[
geom_line( )
]]]

.clear[
<img src="../images/geom_area.PNG" style="float:left; width: 89px; margin-right: 14px; padding-top: 6px;">
.geom1[.geom2[
geom_area( )
]]]

.clear[
<img src="../images/geom_col.PNG" style="float:left; width: 90px; margin-right: 14px; padding-top: 6px;">
.geom1[.geom2[
geom_col( )
]]]

<div style="clear: both;"></div>
]

.pull-right[

<img src="../images/geom_boxplot.PNG" style="float:left; width: 92px; margin-right: 14px; padding-top: 6px;">
.geom1[.geom2[
geom_boxplot( )
]]

.clear[
<img src="../images/geom_histogram.PNG" style="float:left; width: 89px; margin-right: 14px; padding-top: 6px;">
.geom1[.geom2[
geom_histogram( )
]]]

.clear[
<img src="../images/geom_text.PNG" style="float:left; width: 92px; margin-right: 14px; padding-top: 6px;">
.geom1[.geom2[
geom_text( )
]]]
]
]

---

.shift-left[

# .blue[geom_text( )]

.wider[

```r
ggplot(all_penguins, 
            aes(x = bill_length_mm, 
                   y = flipper_length_mm))  +
  geom_point(aes(color = species), size = 10, alpha = 0.25) +
* geom_text(aes(label = species))
```

]
]

---

.shift-left[

# .blue[geom_text( )]

![](03-1-Plots-graphics-grammar_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-31-1.png)

]

---
class: inverse, middle, center

# .bigger[.big[.blue[lims]]]

---

.shift-left[

# .blue[lims( )]

.wider[

```r
ggplot(all_penguins, 
            aes(x = bill_length_mm, 
                   y = flipper_length_mm))  +
  geom_point(aes(color = species), size = 10, alpha = 0.25) +
  geom_text(aes(label = species)) +
* lims(x = c(40, 55),
*          y = c(200, 225))
```
]
]

---

.shift-left[

# .blue[lims( )]

![](03-1-Plots-graphics-grammar_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-33-1.png)

]

---
class: middle, center, inverse

# .bigger[.bigger[❤️]]
# .bigger[.teal[Code] .teal[magic]]

---

.shift-left[

# Compare ~~species~~ .teal[islands]
]

.shift-left[.wider[

```r
ggplot(all_penguins, 
            aes(x = bill_length_mm, 
                   y = flipper_length_mm))  +
  geom_point(aes(`color = island`), size = 10, alpha = 0.25) + 
  geom_text(aes(`label = island`)) +  
  lims(x = c(40, 55), 
           y = c(200, 225)) 
```
]
]

---

.shift-left[

# Compare .teal[islands]

![](03-1-Plots-graphics-grammar_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-35-1.png)

]

---
class: inverse, center, middle

# <i class="fas fa-carrot" aria-hidden="true"></i> [Back to Videos](https://tidy-mn.github.io/R-camp-penguins/index.html)